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Хадис Сахих аль-Бухари 1

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Text of the hadith

Хадис Сахих аль-Бухари №1
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1 – It is reported from ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, as he said in the minbar:

- I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) say: Verily, deeds are judged only by intentions, and every person will receive only what he intended and therefore who migrated[note 1] for something worldly or for the woman he wanted to marry[note 2]he will move to the place where he moved[note 3]».

Original text (Arabic)

١: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ: قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ: قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الأَنْصَارِيُّ: قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيُّ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنَ وَقَّاصٍ اللَّيْثِيَّ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ - رضى الله عنه - عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ ‏ ﴿إِنَّمَا الأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّيَّاتِ، وَإِنَّمَا لِكُلِّ امْرِئٍ مَا نَوَى، فَمَنْ كَانَتْ هِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى دُنْيَا يُصِيبُهَا أَوْ إِلَى امْرَأَةٍ يَنْكِحُهَا فَهِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى مَا هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِ﴾‏‏.‏

Transmitters

Footnotes

  1. Речь идёт не только о хиджре — переселении мусульман из Мекки в Медину ради сохранения своей религии, но и вообще о переселении мусульманина из любого места, где он не может свободно исповедовать свою религию, туда, где это можно будет делать.
  2. Поводом для этого высказывания Пророка ﷺ послужил конкретный случай, связанный с переселением из Мекки в Медину одного человека, который сделал это не по религиозным соображениям, а потому, что он хотел жениться на женщине по имени Катиля, кунья (имя по сыну) которой была Умм Къайс, согласившейся выйти за него замуж только при условии его переселения в Медину. Впоследствии этого человека стали называть «мухаджир Умм Къайс» (переселенец Умм Къайс). Значение этого и многих других хадисов, где речь также идёт о намерениях, состоит в том, что в них сформулирован важнейший принцип, в соответствии с которым награда или наказание ожидает человека не только и не столько за добрые или дурные дела как таковые, но в первую очередь за то, каким было истинное намерение человека, совершившего какое-либо дело, поскольку многие поступки, представляющиеся хорошими со стороны, на самом деле могут быть продиктованы дурными намерениями.
  3. Это значит, что человек, сделавший что-либо не ради Аллаха (в данном случае совершивший переселение из Мекки в Медину), не получит за это награды в мире вечном, а должен будет довольствоваться лишь тем, что достанется ему за его дело в земной жизни.

Comments and interpretations

This hadith is the basis of knowledge and religion. He who desires the truth will receive more than he desires.

  • Intent is a condition of taking cases.

The obligation of sincerity in intention.

  • Indication of the greatness and importance of intention in carrying out business.

It is forbidden to desire anything other than the face of Allah in your religious deeds. A good intention can turn a common law into worship. The obligation to distinguish between types of worship, and also between worship and the usual permissible deed by intention.

  • A wonderful method of teaching the Prophet, may Allah bless and salute him, which was to systematize the knowledge taught by dividing it into parts, as well as comparing something with something else, as he did in this hadith, dividing the migration into two types and comparing them, using the criterion of intention in their implementation.

He who has managed one rakat has found the dignity of jamaat. “Whoever performs the ablution properly and then goes to the mosque and sees that people have already prayed, Allah will reward those who performed it or attended it.” And that will not diminish their reward. This reward will be given to him for his intention. The lawfulness of Hijra from Shirka countries and disbelief in the countries of Islam and that it is one of the best forms of worship if it is performed for the sake of Allah. There is no sin on those who forget or make mistakes. He who testifies to faith with his tongue, without having it in his heart, will have an Iman external and not real. However, if a person has made his Islam good, it does not invalidate it, unlike the position of hypocrites. The importance of caring for the actions of the heart. It is desirable to increase the number of intentions in the performance of works of worship. The oath of one who has sworn without the intention of taking an oath will not be considered valid. The oath must conform to the intention of the person who demands the oath.

  • Prohibition of resorting to cunning (hiyal) in the abandonment of obligations (wajibat) or the commission of sins (muharramat), as, for example, it comes in the trading transactions of “ina” or “tahuarruk” and the like.

People are to be judged by their outward signs, and what is in their hearts is to be judged by God Himself, for only Allah knows their intentions. “Nor do I say to those who are despised in your eyes that Allah does not give them any good. Allah knows best what is in their souls.(31). Intention is included in all sections of religion. And this is a refutation to the Hanafi, who say that intention is not necessary for ablution.

  • Use of the general ordinance derived from the Shariah text, even if the reason for sending the text was specific. And there is an indication that it is necessary to take into account the generality of words (“umum al-lafz”), and not the specification of the cause (“husus al-sabab”). (Hadith is given because of a man who performed hijrah for the purpose of marriage, but the hadith mentions the worldly to increase the warning and disgust of believers from doing works of worship for the sake of obtaining anything worldly.).