Хадис Сахих аль-Бухари 7

Text of the hadith


← Предыдущий Следующий →

7 Abu al-Yamaan al-Haqam ibn Nafi’ told us: We were told by Shu'ayb from Zuhri, who said: I was informed by ‘Ubaidullah ibn ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Utba ibn Mas’ud that ‘Abdullah bin ‘Abbas told him that Abu Sufyan bin Harb had informed him that Heraclius had sent for him while he was accompanying the Quraysh caravan. They were engaged in business in Sham, and this was at the time when the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) made a truce with Abu Sufyan and the unbelievers. (Abu Sufyan and his comrades) came to the emperor at Iliyu, where Heraclius, surrounded by the noble men of Rum, summoned them to court. He asked them, “Which of you is the closest relative to a man who claims to be a prophet?”

Abu Sufyan said:

- I said, “I am the closest one to him.” He said, “Take him closer to me and put his companions behind him,” and told his crowd, “Tell them that I will ask him about that man, and if he lies to me, let them catch him lying.” By Allah, if I were not ashamed that they would later tell me a lie, I would have told a lie about it. Then he asked me the first question about him: “What is his origin (and place) among you?” I said, "He's of noble birth." He said, "Have any of you said anything like that before?" I said, "No." He asked, “Was any of his ancestors a ruler?” I he said, "No." He said, “Who is following him, the noble people or the common people?” I said, "Pretty simple." He said, "Does it increase or decrease?" I said, "Increasing." He said, “Does anyone who has accepted his religion turn away because of discontent with it?” I said, "No." He said, "Did you ever accuse him of lying before he said it?" I said, "No." He said, “Isn’t he a traitor?” I said, "No, but we're in a truce and we don't know what he's going to do," and I couldn't add anything else. He said, “Did you fight with him?” I said, "Yes." He said, “How did your battles end?” I replied, "The war between us was with varying success: he defeated us and we defeated him." He said, "What does he tell you to do?" I said, “He says, ‘Worship Allah alone, worship no one else besides Him, and renounce what your forefathers said,’ and he tells us to pray, tell the truth, be virtuous, and keep in touch with our relatives.” Then he told the crowd to say to me: I asked you about his origin, and you said that he belonged to a noble family, but all the messengers belonged to the noble families of their peoples. And I asked you if any of you had said anything like that before him, and you said no, and I thought if someone had said it before, I'd think that person was just repeating what someone had said. I also asked you if any of his ancestors were rulers. You said no, and I thought that if he were a descendant of the lords, I would think that this man was seeking to regain his ancestral possessions. I also asked you if you had ever accused him of lying before he said what he said, and you said no, and it became clear to me that if he did not slander people, he would not slander Allah. I also asked you whether the nobles followed him or the simple ones, and you said that the simple ones, but they become the followers messengers. I also asked you whether their numbers were increasing or decreasing, and you said that they were increasing, but this is what the position of faith should be until it reaches perfection. I also asked you if any of those who accepted it departed from his religion because of discontent with it, and you answered that they did not, but when faith penetrates into the hearts. I also asked you if he was a treacherous man, and you said no, but messengers never do treacherous things. I asked you what he commanded you to do, and you said that he commanded you to worship Allah and not worship anyone else besides Him, and forbade you to worship idols, and commanded you to pray, tell the truth and be virtuous, and if you tell the truth, it means that he will surely master what is now mine. I knew he was coming, but I didn't think he was going to be one of you. If I were sure that I could reach him, I would certainly try to meet him, and if I met him, I would certainly wash his feet

Then he asked for a message from the Messenger of Allah, with whom Dihya was sent to the governor of Busra, and he presented it to Heraclius, who read the following:

Abu Sufyan said: “When [Iraqli] finished reading this letter, saying what he said, there was a noise in his congregation and a cry arose, and we were brought out, after which I said to my comrades: ‘Ibn Abu Qabsha has become such an important person that even the lord of Banu al-Asfar fears him!” From then on, I was confident that he would prevail, and in the end Allah led me to Islam.

(The transmitter of this hadith said:)

Ibn al-Natur was the viceroy of Elijah, and Heraclius was the bishop of the Christians of Sham. Ibn al-Natur reports that one day, upon arriving at Iliyu, Heraclius woke up in the morning in such a bad mood that some of his patricians even said to him, “We do not like your appearance!”

Ibn al-Natur said:

And Iraklius was a soothsayer and an astrologer, and said to them in answer to their questions (about the cause of his bad mood): "When I watched the stars this night, I saw that the lord of circumcision had triumphed, and I want to know which of the people was circumcising?" They said: No one but the Jews, but they must not disturb you. Send messages to the various cities of your kingdom, that all the Jews may be killed there. Then a man was brought to Heraclius, whom the ruler of the Hassanids had sent to him to tell him about the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), and Heraclius asked the messenger, "Go and see if he is circumcised or not." They looked at him and reported to him that he he was circumcised, and Heraclius questioned him about the Arabs. He said, "They are also circumcised." Heraclius said, “Now it has become clear that the dominion is theirs.” Then Heraclius wrote a letter to his friend Rumiyu, who had the same knowledge as himself, and then went to Hims and did not leave the city until he received a letter from his friend in which he wrote that he shared the opinion of Heraclius about the appearance of the Prophet and that he was a prophet. After this, Heraclius called the nobles of Rum to come to his palace at Himsa, and when they gathered, he ordered the gates to be locked. Then he came out and he said, "O Byzantines! If you want to succeed and take the right path and wish your kingdom to stand, swear by this prophet. Like wild donkeys, they rushed to the gate, but found the gate locked. When he realized that they hated him and lost hope that they would believe, he said, “Bring them to me,” and when they returned, he said, “I said this only to test the strength of your adherence to your religion, and now I am convinced of it.” Then they bowed to the ground, for they were pleased with him, and this was the last thing that connected Heraclius.

Original text (Arabic)

٧: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو اليَمَانِ الحَكَمُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ بْنَ حَرْبٍ أَخْبَرَهُ: أَنَّ هِرَقْلَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ فِي رَكْبٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، وَكَانُوا تُجَّارًا بِالشَّأْمِ فِي المُدَّةِ الَّتِي كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَادَّ فِيهَا أَبَا سُفْيَانَ وَكُفَّارَ قُرَيْشٍ، فَأَتَوْهُ وَهُمْ بِإِيلِيَاءَ، فَدَعَاهُمْ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ، وَحَوْلَهُ عُظَمَاءُ الرُّومِ، ثُمَّ دَعَاهُمْ وَدَعَا بِتَرْجُمَانِهِ، فَقَالَ: أَيُّكُمْ أَقْرَبُ نَسَبًا بِهَذَا الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ: فَقُلْتُ أَنَا أَقْرَبُهُمْ نَسَبًا، فَقَالَ: أَدْنُوهُ مِنِّي، وَقَرِّبُوا أَصْحَابَهُ فَاجْعَلُوهُمْ عِنْدَ ظَهْرِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِتَرْجُمَانِهِ: قُلْ لَهُمْ إِنِّي سَائِلٌ هَذَا عَنْ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ، فَإِنْ كَذَبَنِي فَكَذِّبُوهُ. فَوَاللَّهِ لَوْلاَ الحَيَاءُ مِنْ أَنْ يَأْثِرُوا عَلَيَّ كَذِبًا لَكَذَبْتُ عَنْهُ. ثُمَّ كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَا سَأَلَنِي عَنْهُ أَنْ قَالَ: كَيْفَ نَسَبُهُ فِيكُمْ؟ قُلْتُ: هُوَ فِينَا ذُو نَسَبٍ، قَالَ: فَهَلْ قَالَ هَذَا القَوْلَ مِنْكُمْ أَحَدٌ قَطُّ قَبْلَهُ؟ قُلْتُ: لاَ. قَالَ: فَهَلْ كَانَ مِنْ آبَائِهِ مِنْ مَلِكٍ؟ قُلْتُ: لاَ قَالَ: فَأَشْرَافُ النَّاسِ يَتَّبِعُونَهُ أَمْ ضُعَفَاؤُهُمْ؟ فَقُلْتُ بَلْ ضُعَفَاؤُهُمْ. قَالَ: أَيَزِيدُونَ أَمْ يَنْقُصُونَ؟ قُلْتُ: بَلْ يَزِيدُونَ. قَالَ: فَهَلْ يَرْتَدُّ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ سَخْطَةً لِدِينِهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِيهِ؟ قُلْتُ: لاَ. قَالَ: فَهَلْ كُنْتُمْ تَتَّهِمُونَهُ بِالكَذِبِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقُولَ مَا قَالَ؟ قُلْتُ: لاَ. قَالَ: فَهَلْ يَغْدِرُ؟ قُلْتُ: لاَ، وَنَحْنُ مِنْهُ فِي مُدَّةٍ لاَ نَدْرِي مَا هُوَ فَاعِلٌ فِيهَا، قَالَ: وَلَمْ تُمْكِنِّي كَلِمَةٌ أُدْخِلُ فِيهَا شَيْئًا غَيْرُ هَذِهِ الكَلِمَةِ، قَالَ: فَهَلْ قَاتَلْتُمُوهُ؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: فَكَيْفَ كَانَ قِتَالُكُمْ إِيَّاهُ؟ قُلْتُ: الحَرْبُ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُ سِجَالٌ، يَنَالُ مِنَّا وَنَنَالُ مِنْهُ. قَالَ: مَاذَا يَأْمُرُكُمْ؟ قُلْتُ: يَقُولُ: اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَحْدَهُ وَلاَ تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا، وَاتْرُكُوا مَا يَقُولُ آبَاؤُكُمْ، وَيَأْمُرُنَا بِالصَّلاَةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ وَالصِّدْقِ وَالعَفَافِ وَالصِّلَةِ. فَقَالَ لِلتَّرْجُمَانِ: قُلْ لَهُ: سَأَلْتُكَ عَنْ نَسَبِهِ فَذَكَرْتَ أَنَّهُ فِيكُمْ ذُو نَسَبٍ، فَكَذَلِكَ الرُّسُلُ تُبْعَثُ فِي نَسَبِ قَوْمِهَا. وَسَأَلْتُكَ هَلْ قَالَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ هَذَا القَوْلَ، فَذَكَرْتَ أَنْ لاَ، فَقُلْتُ: لَوْ كَانَ أَحَدٌ قَالَ هَذَا القَوْلَ قَبْلَهُ، لَقُلْتُ رَجُلٌ يَأْتَسِي بِقَوْلٍ قِيلَ قَبْلَهُ. وَسَأَلْتُكَ هَلْ كَانَ مِنْ آبَائِهِ مِنْ مَلِكٍ، فَذَكَرْتَ أَنْ لاَ، قُلْتُ فَلَوْ كَانَ مِنْ آبَائِهِ مِنْ مَلِكٍ، قُلْتُ رَجُلٌ يَطْلُبُ مُلْكَ أَبِيهِ، وَسَأَلْتُكَ، هَلْ كُنْتُمْ تَتَّهِمُونَهُ بِالكَذِبِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقُولَ مَا قَالَ، فَذَكَرْتَ أَنْ لاَ، فَقَدْ أَعْرِفُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيَذَرَ الكَذِبَ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَيَكْذِبَ عَلَى اللَّهِ. وَسَأَلْتُكَ أَشْرَافُ النَّاسِ اتَّبَعُوهُ أَمْ ضُعَفَاؤُهُمْ، فَذَكَرْتَ أَنَّ ضُعَفَاءَهُمُ اتَّبَعُوهُ، وَهُمْ أَتْبَاعُ الرُّسُلِ. وَسَأَلْتُكَ أَيَزِيدُونَ أَمْ يَنْقُصُونَ، فَذَكَرْتَ أَنَّهُمْ يَزِيدُونَ، وَكَذَلِكَ أَمْرُ الإِيمَانِ حَتَّى يَتِمَّ. وَسَأَلْتُكَ أَيَرْتَدُّ أَحَدٌ سَخْطَةً لِدِينِهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِيهِ، فَذَكَرْتَ أَنْ لاَ، وَكَذَلِكَ الإِيمَانُ حِينَ تُخَالِطُ بَشَاشَتُهُ القُلُوبَ. وَسَأَلْتُكَ هَلْ يَغْدِرُ، فَذَكَرْتَ أَنْ لاَ، وَكَذَلِكَ الرُّسُلُ لاَ تَغْدِرُ. وَسَأَلْتُكَ بِمَا يَأْمُرُكُمْ، فَذَكَرْتَ أَنَّهُ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تَعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَلاَ تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا، وَيَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْ عِبَادَةِ الأَوْثَانِ، وَيَأْمُرُكُمْ بِالصَّلاَةِ وَالصِّدْقِ وَالعَفَافِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مَا تَقُولُ حَقًّا فَسَيَمْلِكُ مَوْضِعَ قَدَمَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ، وَقَدْ كُنْتُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ خَارِجٌ، لَمْ أَكُنْ أَظُنُّ أَنَّهُ مِنْكُمْ، فَلَوْ أَنِّي أَعْلَمُ أَنِّي أَخْلُصُ إِلَيْهِ لَتَجَشَّمْتُ لِقَاءَهُ، وَلَوْ كُنْتُ عِنْدَهُ لَغَسَلْتُ عَنْ قَدَمِهِ. ثُمَّ دَعَا بِكِتَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الَّذِي بَعَثَ بِهِ دِحْيَةُ إِلَى عَظِيمِ بُصْرَى، فَدَفَعَهُ إِلَى هِرَقْلَ، فَقَرَأَهُ فَإِذَا فِيهِ ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى هِرَقْلَ عَظِيمِ الرُّومِ: سَلاَمٌ عَلَى مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الهُدَى، أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَإِنِّي أَدْعُوكَ بِدِعَايَةِ الإِسْلاَمِ، أَسْلِمْ تَسْلَمْ، يُؤْتِكَ اللَّهُ أَجْرَكَ مَرَّتَيْنِ، فَإِنْ تَوَلَّيْتَ فَإِنَّ عَلَيْكَ إِثْمَ الأَرِيسِيِّي﴾ وَ ﴿يَا أَهْلَ الكِتَابِ تَعَالَوْا إِلَى كَلِمَةٍ سَوَاءٍ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ أَنْ لاَ نَعْبُدَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ وَلاَ نُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَلاَ يَتَّخِذَ بَعْضُنَا بَعْضًا أَرْبَابًا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَقُولُوا اشْهَدُوا بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ﴾ قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ: فَلَمَّا قَالَ مَا قَالَ، وَفَرَغَ مِنْ قِرَاءَةِ الكِتَابِ، كَثُرَ عِنْدَهُ الصَّخَبُ وَارْتَفَعَتِ الأَصْوَاتُ وَأُخْرِجْنَا، فَقُلْتُ لِأَصْحَابِي حِينَ أُخْرِجْنَا: لَقَدْ أَمِرَ أَمْرُ ابْنِ أَبِي كَبْشَةَ، إِنَّهُ يَخَافُهُ مَلِكُ بَنِي الأَصْفَرِ. فَمَا زِلْتُ مُوقِنًا أَنَّهُ سَيَظْهَرُ حَتَّى أَدْخَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيَّ الإِسْلاَمَ. وَكَانَ ابْنُ النَّاظُورِ، صَاحِبُ إِيلِيَاءَ وَهِرَقْلَ، سُقُفًّا عَلَى نَصَارَى الشَّأْمِ يُحَدِّثُ أَنَّ هِرَقْلَ حِينَ قَدِمَ إِيلِيَاءَ، أَصْبَحَ يَوْمًا خَبِيثَ النَّفْسِ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُ بَطَارِقَتِهِ: قَدِ اسْتَنْكَرْنَا هَيْئَتَكَ، قَالَ ابْنُ النَّاظُورِ: وَكَانَ هِرَقْلُ حَزَّاءً يَنْظُرُ فِي النُّجُومِ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ حِينَ سَأَلُوهُ: إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ اللَّيْلَةَ حِينَ نَظَرْتُ فِي النُّجُومِ مَلِكَ الخِتَانِ قَدْ ظَهَرَ، فَمَنْ يَخْتَتِنُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الأُمَّةِ؟ قَالُوا: لَيْسَ يَخْتَتِنُ إِلَّا اليَهُودُ، فَلاَ يُهِمَّنَّكَ شَأْنُهُمْ، وَاكْتُبْ إِلَى مَدَايِنِ مُلْكِكَ، فَيَقْتُلُوا مَنْ فِيهِمْ مِنَ اليَهُودِ. فَبَيْنَمَا هُمْ عَلَى أَمْرِهِمْ، أُتِيَ هِرَقْلُ بِرَجُلٍ أَرْسَلَ بِهِ مَلِكُ غَسَّانَ يُخْبِرُ عَنْ خَبَرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا اسْتَخْبَرَهُ هِرَقْلُ قَالَ: اذْهَبُوا فَانْظُرُوا أَمُخْتَتِنٌ هُوَ أَمْ لاَ، فَنَظَرُوا إِلَيْهِ، فَحَدَّثُوهُ أَنَّهُ مُخْتَتِنٌ، وَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ العَرَبِ، فَقَالَ: هُمْ يَخْتَتِنُونَ، فَقَالَ هِرَقْلُ: هَذَا مُلْكُ هَذِهِ الأُمَّةِ قَدْ ظَهَرَ. ثُمَّ كَتَبَ هِرَقْلُ إِلَى صَاحِبٍ لَهُ بِرُومِيَةَ، وَكَانَ نَظِيرَهُ فِي العِلْمِ، وَسَارَ هِرَقْلُ إِلَى حِمْصَ، فَلَمْ يَرِمْ حِمْصَ حَتَّى أَتَاهُ كِتَابٌ مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ يُوَافِقُ رَأْيَ هِرَقْلَ عَلَى خُرُوجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَأَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ، فَأَذِنَ هِرَقْلُ لِعُظَمَاءِ الرُّومِ فِي دَسْكَرَةٍ لَهُ بِحِمْصَ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِأَبْوَابِهَا فَغُلِّقَتْ، ثُمَّ اطَّلَعَ فَقَالَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ الرُّومِ، هَلْ لَكُمْ فِي الفَلاَحِ وَالرُّشْدِ، وَأَنْ يَثْبُتَ مُلْكُكُمْ، فَتُبَايِعُوا هَذَا النَّبِيَّ؟ فَحَاصُوا حَيْصَةَ حُمُرِ الوَحْشِ إِلَى الأَبْوَابِ، فَوَجَدُوهَا قَدْ غُلِّقَتْ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى هِرَقْلُ نَفْرَتَهُمْ، وَأَيِسَ مِنَ الإِيمَانِ، قَالَ: رُدُّوهُمْ عَلَيَّ، وَقَالَ: إِنِّي قُلْتُ مَقَالَتِي آنِفًا أَخْتَبِرُ بِهَا شِدَّتَكُمْ عَلَى دِينِكُمْ، فَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ، فَسَجَدُوا لَهُ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ، فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ آخِرَ شَأْنِ هِرَقْلَ رَوَاهُ صَالِحُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ، وَيُونُسُ، وَمَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ

Transmitters

Comments and interpretations

Comments and interpretations for this hadith are not automatically found without the risk of distortion. '