Editing Fiqh (section)

== Etymology ==
The word ''fiqh'' is an Arabic term meaning "deep understanding"<ref name="Modarresi">{{cite book|author=Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi|author-link=Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi|title=The Laws of Islam|date=26 March 2016|publisher=Enlight Press|isbn=978-0994240989|url=http://almodarresi.com/en/books/pdf/TheLawsofIslam.pdf|access-date=22 December 2017|ref=Modarresi|language=en|archive-date=2 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802163247/http://almodarresi.com/en/books/pdf/TheLawsofIslam.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{rp|470}} or "full comprehension". Technically it refers to the body of Islamic law extracted from detailed Islamic sources (which are studied in the [[principles of Islamic jurisprudence]]) and the process of gaining knowledge of Islam through jurisprudence. The historian [[Ibn Khaldun]] describes ''fiqh'' as "knowledge of the rules of God which concern the actions of persons who own themselves connected to obey the law respecting what is required (''[[wajib]]''), sinful (''[[haraam]]''), recommended (''[[mustahab|mandūb]]''), disapproved (''[[makrūh]]''), or neutral (''[[mubah]]'')".<ref>Levy (1957). p. 150.</ref> This definition is consistent amongst the jurists.

In [[Modern Standard Arabic]], ''fiqh'' has also come to mean Islamic jurisprudence.<ref>{{Cite book|last=أنیس|first=إبراهیم|title=المعجم الوسیط|publisher=دارالفکر|year=1998|location=بیروت، لبنان|pages=731}}</ref> It is not thus possible to speak of [[Chief Justice of the United States|Chief Justice]] [[John Roberts]] as an expert in the [[common law]] ''fiqh'' of the [[United States]], or of [[Egypt]]ian legal scholar [[Abd El-Razzak El-Sanhuri]] as an expert in the civil law ''fiqh'' of Egypt.