Editing Template:Harvard citation documentation (section)

==Other author–date citation templates==
There are several templates used to create short citations; they differ in the use and placement of parentheses, in the separator before the page or location, and in whether a terminal full stop (period) is present:

{| class="wikitable"
|+ In-text templates
! Templates !! Aliases !! Example
|-
|{{tl2|Harvard citation no brackets}} || {{tl2|harvnb}} || {{harvnb|Smith|2006|p=25}}
|-
| {{tl2|Harvard citation}} || {{tl2|harv}} || {{harv|Smith|2006|p=25}}
|-
| {{tl2|Harvard citation text}} || {{tl2|harvtxt}} || {{harvtxt|Smith|2006|p=25}}
|-
| {{tl2|Harvard citation with colon text}} || {{tl2|harvcoltxt}} || {{Harvcoltxt|Smith|2006|p=25}}
|-
| {{tl2|Harvard citation with colon}} || {{tl2|harvcol}} || {{Harvcol|Smith|2006|p=25}}
|-
| {{tl2|Harvard citation with colon no brackets}} || {{tl2|harvcolnb}} || {{Harvcolnb|Smith|2006|p=25}}
|-
| {{tl2|Harvard citations}} || {{tl2|harvs}} || {{harvs|txt=yes|last=Smith|first=John|year1=2006| year2=2007|page=25}} ''(and many other forms)''.
|-
| {{tl2|Harvard citation year brackets}} || {{tl2|harvp}} || {{harvp|Smith|2006|page=25}}
|-
| {{tl2|Harvc}} || {{tl2|Citec}} || (Cite several contributions/chapters in a larger work)<br />Article text.{{sfn|Stout|Johnson|1957}} More article text.{{sfn|Wadleigh|1957}} Even more article text.<ref>[[#Stefferud preface|Stefferud 1957]]</ref>
'''References'''
{{reflist}}
'''Sources'''
* {{cite book|title=Soil: The Yearbook of Agriculture 1957|editor-last=Stefferud|editor-first=Alfred|date=1957|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture|url=https://archive.org/stream/yoa1957#page/n2/mode/1up|oclc=704186906}}
** {{harvc|last=Stefferud|first=A.|year=1957|id=Stefferud preface |c=Preface |url=https://archive.org/stream/yoa1957#page/n7/mode/1up |in=Stefferud |ignore-err=yes}}
** {{harvc|last1=Stout|first1=P. R.|last2=Johnson|first2=C. M.|year=1957|c=Trace Elements |url=https://archive.org/stream/yoa1957#page/n167/mode/1up |in=Stefferud |ignore-err=yes}}
** {{harvc|last=Wadleigh|first=C. H.|year=1957 |c=Growth of Plants |url=https://archive.org/stream/yoa1957#page/n57/mode/1up |in=Stefferud |ignore-err=yes}}
|-
|{{tl2|sfn}}|| {{tl2|Shortened footnote template}} || Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2006|p=25}} <br /> {{Reflist}}
|-
|{{tl2|Sfnp}} || || Article text.{{sfnp|Smith|2006|p=25}} <br /> {{Reflist}}
|-
|{{tl2|Sfnm}} || || Article text.{{sfnm|1a1=Smith|1a2=Jones|1a3=Brown|la4=Black|1y=2020|1p=15|2a1=Smith|2y=2006|2p=50}} <br /> {{Reflist}}
|-
|{{tl2|Sfnmp}} || || Article text.{{sfnmp|1a1=Smith|1a2=Jones|1a3=Brown|la4=Black|1y=2020|1p=15|2a1=Smith|2y=2006|2p=50}} <br /> {{Reflist}}
|}

Full citations can be created manually or by templates:

* {{cs1}} templates
* {{tl2|citation}}

All of these templates have the same parameters and basic functionality. This page describes all of them except the parameters of {{tl2|sfnm}} and {{tl2|harvs}}; please see their documentation pages. Editors editing one of these templates are requested to make parallel changes to the other versions.

===Applications of these templates===
{{anchor|Shortened footnote}}
====Shortened footnote: [[Template:sfn|<code><nowiki>{{sfn}}</nowiki></code>]] or [[Template:harvnb|<code><nowiki>{{harvnb}}</nowiki></code>]]====
{{see also|Wikipedia:Citing sources#Short citations|Help:Shortened footnotes}}

Template {{tl2|harvnb}} inside a {{tag|ref|o}} span can be used to create a [[Help:Shortened footnotes|shortened footnote]] that is linked to the full citation at the bottom of the article. Template {{tl2|sfn}} (without the use of {{tag|ref|o}}) has the same effect, automatically adds a period (full stop) after the page number, and combines identical footnotes automatically.

{{markup|<nowiki>
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=25}}
More article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=25}}
Still more article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=26}}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book
 | last = Smith | first = John
 | date = 2007
 | title = Smith's Book
}}
</nowiki>|
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=25}}
More article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=25}}
Still more article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=26}}
{{fake notes and references||}}
* {{cite book
 | last = Smith | first = John
 | date = 2007
 | title = Smith's Book
}}

|<nowiki>
Article text.<ref name=Smith2008p25>{{harvnb|Smith|2008|p=25}}.</ref>
More article text.<ref name=Smith2008p25/>
Still more article text.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2008|p=26}}.</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book
 | last = Smith | first = John
 | date = 2008
 | title = Smith's Book
}}
</nowiki>|
Article text.<ref name=Smith2007p25>{{harvnb|Smith|2008|p=25}}.</ref>
More article text.<ref name=Smith2007p25/>
Still more article text.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2008|p=26}}.</ref>

{{fake notes and references||}}
* {{cite book
 | last = Smith | first = John
 | date = 2008
 | title = Smith's Book
}}

}}

====In text attribution: [[Template:harvtxt|<code><nowiki>{{harvtxt}}</nowiki></code>]]====
{{see also|Wikipedia:Citing sources#In-text attribution}}

Template {{tl2|harvtxt}} can be used to link an [[Wikipedia:Citing sources#In-text attribution|in-text attribution]] to the full citation at the bottom of the page.
{{markup
|<nowiki>According to {{harvtxt|Smith|2009|p=25}} ...

==References==
* {{citation
 | last = Smith | first = John
 | date = 2009
 | title = Smith's Book
}}
</nowiki>
|
According to {{harvtxt|Smith|2009|p=25}} ...
{{Fake heading|sub=3|References}}
* {{citation
| last = Smith | first = John
| date = 2009
| title = Smith's Book
}}
}}

====Bundled citation: [[Template:harvnb|<code><nowiki>{{harvnb}}</nowiki></code>]] or [[Template:sfnm|<code><nowiki>{{sfnm}}</nowiki></code>]]====
{{see also|Help:Citation merging ‎|Wikipedia:Citing sources#Bundling citations}}
Template {{tl2|harvnb}} can be used to [[WP:CITE#Bundling citations|bundle citations]]. {{tl2|sfnm}} also produces bundled citations.

{{markup
|<nowiki>
Article text ({{harvnb|Smith|2010|p=25}}; {{harvnb|Jones|2010}}).
</nowiki>
|Article text ({{harvnb|Smith|2010|p=25}}; {{harvnb|Jones|2010}}).
|<nowiki>
Article text.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2010|p=25}}; {{harvnb|Jones|2010}}</ref>
</nowiki>
|Article text.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2010|p=25}}; {{harvnb|Jones|2010}}</ref>
{{Fake heading|sub=3|Notes}}
<references />
|<nowiki>
Article text.{{sfnm|1a1=Smith|1y=2010|1p=25|2a1=Jones|2y=2010}}
</nowiki>
|Article text.{{sfnm|1a1=Smith|1y=2010|1p=25|2a1=Jones|2y=2010}}
{{Fake heading|sub=3|Notes}}
<references />
|<nowiki>
==References==
* {{cite book |last = Smith |first = John |date = 2010 |title = Smith's book}}
* {{cite book |last = Jones |first = Mary |date = 2010 |title = Jones' book}}
</nowiki>
|{{Fake heading|sub=3|References}}
* {{cite book |last = Smith |first = John |date = 2010 |title = Smith's book }}
* {{cite book |last = Jones |first = Mary |date = 2010 |title = Jones' book }}
}}

Note that {{tl2|sfn}} is inappropriate for bundled citations; use {{tl2|harvnb}} or {{tl2|sfnm}}.

====Harvard citation: [[Template:harv|<code><nowiki>{{harv}}</nowiki></code>]]====
<!--{{see also|Wikipedia:Citing sources#Parenthetical referencing}}-->

Template {{tl2|harv}} creates a [[Wikipedia:Citing sources#Parenthetical referencing|parenthetical reference]] with a link to the full citation. It should only be used within footnotes or on internal pages. Use of inline parenthetical referencing within the [[body text]] of articles has been '''[[WP:PARENTHETICAL|deprecated by the Wikipedia community]]''' since 2022. This usage has not been deprecated within internal pages such as Wikipedia documentation, user pages, or wikiprojects, though there is rarely a practical use for it instead of just using normal [[Help:Footnotes|citation footnotes]].

{{Markup
|<nowiki>Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith|2006|p=25}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book
 | last = Smith | first = John
 | title = Smith's book
 | date = 2006
}}</nowiki>
|
Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith|2006|p=25}}</ref>

{{fake heading|sub=3|Notes}}
{{reflist}}

{{fake heading|sub=3|References}}
* {{cite book|last=Smith|first=John|title=Smith's book|date=2006}}
}}

====More exotic Harvard citations: [[Template:harvid|<code><nowiki>{{harvid}}</nowiki></code>]] or [[Template:harvs|<code><nowiki>{{harvs}}</nowiki></code>]]====
{{Main|Template:Harvard citations|Template:harvid}}

More exotic Harvard citations can be constructed using the {{tl2|harvs}} template, such as multiple papers by the same author, using both the first and last names, links to articles about the author, and others. Any kind of unusual link can also be constructed using the idiom <code><nowiki>[[#{{harvid|</nowiki></code>''parameters''<code><nowiki>}}|</nowiki></code>''link name''<code><nowiki>]]</nowiki></code>. ({{tl|citeref}} is a wrapper for {{tl|harvid}} making it easier to consistently create such internal links in small superscript<sup>[n]</sup> or plain-text label styles.)

{{markup|<nowiki>
The theory was developed by {{harvs|txt|first=F. J.|last=Murray|author1-link=F. J. Murray|first2=J.|last2=von Neumann|author2-link=John von Neumann|year=1936|year2=1937|year3=1943}}.
</nowiki>|
The theory was developed by {{harvs|txt|first=F. J.|last=Murray|author1-link=F. J. Murray|first2=J.|last2=von Neumann|author2-link=John von Neumann|year=1936|year2=1937|year3=1943}}.
|<nowiki>
The theory was developed by [[F. J. Murray]] and [[John von Neumann|J. von Neumann]] ([[#{{harvid|Murray|von Neumann|1936}}|1936]],[[#{{harvid|Murray|von Neumann|1937}}|1937]],[[#{{harvid|Murray|von Neumann|1943}}|1943]]).
</nowiki>|
The theory was developed by [[F. J. Murray]] and [[John von Neumann|J. von Neumann]] ([[#{{harvid|Murray|von Neumann|1936}}|1936]], [[#{{harvid|Murray|von Neumann|1937}}|1937]], [[#{{harvid|Murray|von Neumann|1943}}|1943]]).
|<nowiki>
== References ==
* {{citation | last1 = Murray | first1 = F. J. | date = 1936 | ...}}
* {{citation | last1 = Murray | first1 = F. J. | date = 1937 | ...}}
* {{citation | last1 = Murray | first1 = F. J. | date = 1943 | ...}}
</nowiki>|
{{fake header|sub=3|References}}
* {{citation | last=Murray | first=F. J.| last2=von Neumann | first2=John | date=1936 | title=Mathematics Paper }}
* {{citation | last=Murray | first=F. J.| last2=von Neumann | first2=John | date=1937 | title=Another Mathematics Paper }}
* {{citation | last=Murray | first=F. J.| last2=von Neumann | first2=John | date=1943 | title=Yet Another Mathematics Paper }}
}}

Some articles use this idiom <code><nowiki>[[#CITEREF</nowiki></code>''id ''|'' link name ''<code><nowiki>]]</nowiki></code>. See notes on [[#Implementation notes|implementation details]] below.

===Variations===
==== Using colon format: {{tl2|harvcol}}, {{tl2|harvcolnb}}, {{tl2|harvcoltxt}} ====
Templates {{tl2|harvcol}}, {{tl2|harvcolnb}}, and {{tl2|harvcoltxt}} use a colon to indicate the page number(s) or location.

{{markup
|<nowiki>{{harvcol|Smith|2011|p=25}}</nowiki>|{{harvcol|Smith|2011|p=25}}
|<nowiki>{{harvcolnb|Smith|2011|p=25}}</nowiki>|{{harvcolnb|Smith|2011|p=25}}
|<nowiki>{{harvcoltxt|Smith|2011|p=25}}</nowiki>|{{harvcoltxt|Smith|2011|p=25}}
|<nowiki>{{harvcol|Smith|2011|p=25–26}}</nowiki>|{{harvcol|Smith|2011|p=25–26}}
|<nowiki>{{harvcol|Smith|2011|loc=ch. 3}}</nowiki>|{{harvcol|Smith|2011|p=ch. 3}}}}

==== Parentheses around the year: [[Template:sfnp|<code><nowiki>{{sfnp}}</nowiki></code>]] and [[Template:harvp|<code><nowiki>{{harvp}}</nowiki></code>]] ====

Template {{tl2|sfnp}} puts parentheses around the year. Compare the two examples.

{{markup
|<nowiki>
Article text.{{sfnp|Smith|2011}}
== Notes ==
{{reflist}}
</nowiki>|
Article text.{{sfnp|Smith|2011}}
{{Fake heading|sub=3|Notes}}
{{reflist}}
|<nowiki>
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2011}}
== Notes ==
{{reflist}}
</nowiki>|
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2011}}
{{Fake heading|sub=3|Notes}}
{{reflist}}
}}

Similarly, in order to mimic {{cs1}} citations, template {{tl2|harvp}} puts parentheses around the year.
{{markup
|<nowiki>{{harvp|Smith|2011|p=25}}</nowiki>|{{harvp|Smith|2011|p=25}}
}}